This name was later changed to the well known L’Oreal. In 1907, French chemist Eugene Schueller developed hair dye based on synthetic paraphenylanadiamine, which he called Aureole. In 1859 a German student was experimenting with coal tar and after diluting, realized he had also made purple dye leading to the creation of synthetic dye for fabrics and hair. Silver nitrate, gum water, and distiller water were mixed and referred to as Grecian water, however repeated use of this mixture caused the hair to darken and turn purple. In the early 1800’s some men began using silver nitrate to darken the grey in their mustache, which lead to the development of proper dye. Hence the terms, “saved by the bell” and the “graveyard shift” were born. When they were finally buried, a rope was placed in the casket with a bell 6 feet overhead so that the grounds keepers could find them. This prompted the “wake”, with anyone who had colored their hair with lead being laid out for a week of observance to see if they awoke. People began realizing that their loved ones weren’t in fact dead, but in comas from the lead based color, and had been buried alive. In Europe at this time, there was no extra space in cemeteries, so old caskets were exhumed, opened and scratch marks were discovered on the inside. People began dropping dead from using this method. This lead people to begin using metallic dyes, with dire consequences. In 18th century Europe, people began coloring their hair for the purpose of covering grey, and someone discovered that lead did the job. Queen Elizabeth eventually changed the impression of red hair, with her auburn hair being copied as a reflection of royal status. During the Renaissance, women favored golden and blond hair for its angelic connotation, and they used alum, honey, and black sulfur to encourage sun bleaching for a flaxen look. The first documented case of natural born red hair appeared in Scotland around this time, prompting many to dye their hair to hide their “affliction”. In the dark ages, red hair was seen as a sign of witch craft, with red hair being caused by a genetic mutation. Emperor Comodus (161-192) was famous for powdering his white hair with gold dust, a practice that cought on amongst the wealthy. For a period of time, Roman prostitutes were required by law to dye their hair blonde, but the color became so popular, that many followed suit causing to eventually be the most sought after color. Middle class Romans typically dyed their hair blonde and the lower and poor class dyed their hair black. ![]() Hairstyling was introduced to Roman society around 300 bc, with noble women dying their hair red after seeing it on Gaul traders, whom also dyed their hair red as a symbol of status and rank. ![]() There is even recorded evidence that Egyptians have used henna as a coloring agent as early as 1500 bc. Archaeologists have discovered evidence that early man used minerals, plants and even insects to appeal or repel mates. In ancient times dyes were typically obtained from plants such as henna, indigo, cassia obovata, senna, turmeric, black walnut hulls, red ochre, and leeks. The practice of coloring the hair has taken many twists and turns, with the fads changing along with the times. Hair color itself has changed drastically through the ages, starting with plants and developing into the plentiful supply of permanent, demi permanent, semi permanent, and temporary varieties that are at artists’ disposal today. Hair coloring is an ancient art and traditionally was applied as one solid color, but modern trends have pushed towards more multidimensional looks with variations of colors. Whether it’s to cover grey, change for fashion, or restore the hair to its original color after oxidation or sun bleaching, it is estimated that 75% of the population have colored their hair at some point. Hair color is a huge industry globally, with people changing the color of their hair for many cosmetic reasons.
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